Which step is involved in supporting a database-oriented programming model?

Supporting a database-oriented programming model involves utilizing Core Data Services (CDS). CDS provides a standard way to define semantically rich data models and ensures that they can be easily consumed across different applications and layers, effectively bridging the gap between the business domain and the underlying database structure.

Core Data Services allow developers to create database views, leverage annotations for metadata, and integrate various data sources seamlessly. By using CDS, a programmer can define a database's structure and semantics in a more abstract manner, which enhances data access and query capabilities across various platforms and programming languages.

Other options involve essential services and components but do not directly relate to the core aspect of supporting a database-oriented programming model. For example, buffer system services pertains to the management of cache or memory, while advanced and specific models may involve specialized approaches that are not universally applicable to the general database programming model. A new and simplified Open SQL could engage enhancements to SQL that make it easier to use but does not encapsulate the comprehensive capabilities that Core Data Services offer in supporting a robust database-oriented programming framework.